In case of azoospermia (absence of sperm in the ejaculate), with a particular surgical procedure, it is possible to search for and extract sperm directly from the testicle. These spermatozoa can then be used for a Level II MAP. However, it is not always possible to find testicular sperm; the quality of these gametes, as well as the success rates of MAP, are lower than those obtained using spermatozoa found in the ejaculate.
